International Journal of STD & AIDS > Volume 20, Number 8 > Pp. 522-526

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Original research articles

The frequency of HIV-I drug resistance mutations among treatment-naïve individuals at a tertiary care centre in south India

A J Kandathil MSc ^*   , R Kannangai MD PhD ^*    , O C Abraham MD MPH ^*, P Rupali MD ^*, S A Pulimood MD , V P Verghese MD , P Grant PhD , D Pillay PhD FRCPath  and G Sridharan PhD FRCPath ^*

^* Departments of Clinical Virology, Internal Medicine; Departments of Clinical Virology, Dermatology; Departments of Clinical Virology, Child Health, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India; Centre of Virology, University College London, London, UK

Correspondence to: Professor R Kannangai, Department of Clinical Virology, Christian Medical College, Vellore 632004, India Email: rajeshkannangai{at}hotmail.com

Antiretroviral treatment (ART) use in India requires information on baseline drug resistance mutations and polymorphisms in the protease (Pr) and reverse transcriptase (RT) genes of HIV-1 strains from treatment-naïve individuals. We report resistance predictor mutations and polymorphisms in the Pr and the RT sequence of non-clade B HIV-1 strains from ART naïve individuals. The genotypic resistance assay was done on 93 treatment-naïve individuals. The sequences were analysed by Stanford HIV drug resistance data for genotypic drug resistance analysis and REGA HIV-1 subtyping tool. Phylogenetic tree was generated with MEGA 4 for quality control. Ninety-two strains belonged to clade C and one to clade A (A1). Amino acid substitutions were seen at positions associated with drug resistance in Pr gene – 10, 24, 74 (each 3%) and position 82 (11%). Substitutions were seen at positions 41 (1%), 100 (1%), 101 (6%), 103 (2%), 179 (6%) and 181 (1%) of the RT sequence known to confer drug resistance in clade B.

Polymorphisms in HIV-1 pol gene among treatment-naïve individuals were similar when compared with previous data. One strain each had Y181C substitution, T74S and E35G substitutions in the Pr and one had A98G, K101R and L210FL substitutions in RT.

Key Words: non-clade B • drug resistance • genotyping testing • HIV-1 • India

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