International Journal of STD & AIDS > Volume 20, Number 11 > Pp. 790-792

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Original research articles

Indeterminate rapid HIV-1 test results among antenatal and postnatal mothers

D Matemo HND MLS ^* , J Kinuthia MBChB MMed ^*, F John BS ^*, M Chung MD MPH , C Farquhar MD MPH  , G John-Stewart MD PhD   and J Kiarie MMed MPH ^*

^* Department of Obstetric and Gynaecology, University of Nairobi, Kenya; Department of Medicine; Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA

Correspondence to: Dr D Matemo Email: daniel.matemo{at}uonbi.ac.ke

The sensitivity and specificity of rapid HIV-1 tests may be altered during pregnancy and postpartum. We conducted a study to determine the prevalence and correlates of false-positive Abbott Determine^TM and false-negative Uni-Gold^TM rapid HIV-1 test results among antenatal and postnatal mothers attending a primary care clinic in Nairobi, Kenya. Mothers were tested for HIV-1 using Abbott Determine^TM and non-reactive results were considered HIV-1 antibody negative. Reactive samples by Determine were re-tested by Uni-Gold^TM. Vironostika HIV-1 and Uni-FORM II Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were used to confirm samples that had positive Abbott Determine^TM and negative Uni-Gold^TM. Among 2311 women who accepted HIV-1 testing, 1238 (54%) were tested antenatally and 1073 (46%) were tested postnatally. Of tested women, 274 (12%) women were reactive by Abbott Determine^TM and on retesting with Uni-Gold^TM 30 (11%) had indeterminate results. The prevalence of indeterminate results was significantly higher in antenatal women than in postnatal women (2% versus 1%, P = 0.03). In conclusion, indeterminate rapid HIV-1 test results are more common in the antenatal period and appropriate safeguards to confirm HIV-1 infection status should be implemented in antenatal programmes.

Key Words: indeterminate • HIV • rapid • ELISA • test

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